A few months ago, a rumor seized on social networks: the vaccine against the Covid-19 would contain 5G microchips allowing the tracking of vaccinated people to retrieve private data. So, is it possible or not?
It is ironic that this rumor arose almost fifty-six years to the day after Gordon moore, one of the founders of Intel, laid down an empirical law indicating a doubling of the number of transistors on a microchip every two years or so. This law is still verified today with elementary electronic components – transistors – which reach nanometric sizes.
Hello @CHUdeToulouse, I had my first injection of the Covid vaccine this morning and thank you for it.
However, I still don’t get 5G. Is this a bug? Should I wait for the 2nd injection or just contact my operator?– Julie Oudet (@JulieOudet) January 8, 2021
The first electronic components were made with vacuum ampoules containing filaments and grids called triode. By heating and electrostatic effect, weak electrical signals could be amplified. This is what allowed the first wireless transmissions of Morse code signals at the beginning of the 20th century.e century. Bulky, fragile, expensive and operating with high voltages, they will be replaced by so-called solid state technologies with crystals of semiconductor material.
The semiconductor component performing the amplification function was developed in the 1950s and the trade name was chosen by the Bell laboratories at the origin of this invention: the transistor. The first integrated circuit, that is to say the possibility of producing several transistors connected to each other directly in the semiconductor crystal, was carried out at the end of the 1960s.
In an industrial manner, the square circuits are mounted one beside the other to facilitate their cutting before packaging. In 2021, IBM has just announced the completion of a transistor with an active area of 2 nanometers (i.e. about twenty atoms placed next to each other): solid state found in the solid state disks of computers today, the solid state disks (SSD).
Geometry problem
How many transistors could we burn on a piece of square integrated circuit that would go through the hole of the syringe used for the vaccine? The circuit is square, the needle is circular with an internal diameter of 0.6 mm: we start with electronics and here is a geometry problem that would give a hard time to a college student.
The side of the square that can fit into a 0.6mm diameter circle is 0.848mm. This makes it possible to produce 72 million transistors (for a surface transistor of 100 nm x 100 nm); as much as in the chips which equip the last processors of the telephones of a well-known “headed” brand.
It is therefore possible to put in the syringe for injecting a vaccine a sealed electronic chip having calculation capacities similar to those of current mobile telephones. It is also necessary that it communicates with the outside and that it is supplied electrically.
It’s all hanging by a thread
This is not just a big problem, because the injected chip has to communicate wirelessly with the outside of the human body. Antennas must therefore be integrated into the chip for this type of communication.
Those are the Maxwell’s equations that will have to be used to size the antennas. James clerk maxwell is a Scottish physicist and mathematician of the XIXe century. We owe him in particular the demonstration relating to the electromagnetic fields used in the wireless transmissions of our smartphones and which propagate in space in the form of a wave at the speed of light.
According to Maxwell’s equations, the ideal size of an antenna should be equal to the ratio of the speed of light to the frequency of electromagnetic waves (the wavelength). Sub-multiples of this ideal size (1/2, 1 / 4,1 / 8, etc.) can also be used to limit clutter to the detriment of detection. Current 5G uses frequency bands around 3.5 GHz. By choosing a submultiple of 1/4 to limit the size of the antenna, an antenna of 2.1 cm must therefore be produced to allow the electronic chip to communicate wirelessly with the outside of the human body.
With such a dimension, the entire surface of the chip is not sufficient to produce the antenna, even in the form of a coil. This is also something that we all know on the condition of practicing a sporting activity and therefore going to a well-known sports brand: each item purchased has an RFID chip. The only really visible part of the chip is the coil-shaped antenna.
Flea in the ear
Dogs and cats are precursors in this area, because tattooing has been replaced by implantation of a subcutaneous chip. The device is about ten millimeters long to simply contain a unique number that can be read without contact. This number is read by bringing the reading system close to the animal’s ear.
And this is the case with all wireless data transmission technologies: the distance between the implanted chip and the reader is small, often limited to a few centimeters.
First, it is a matter of securing the data precisely to avoid being able to detect the exchanged data remotely; second, because the power emitted by an antenna decreases with cubic distance. To increase the reading distance, it is necessary to increase the power emitted and therefore increase the volume of the battery.
How can we simply quantify so that we can answer our initial question? Between complicated units, complex mathematical equations and results very dependent on experimental conditions, the question seems simple and the scientific answer is not. To try, however, to give an answer on the sizing of a battery, we can look at that of mobile phones: the range of a phone is 1 km for a battery volume of about 10 cm.3. Assuming that half the volume of the chip injected with the vaccine is occupied by the battery, the range of the chip would be 0.4 cm. Given the size of the battery, the chip must therefore be in contact with the reading system in order to be able to exchange information.
So possible or not to put a chip in a vaccine?
The processor of a 5G chip can be injected through the hole of the needle used to inject the vaccine. The range will be low and will require a reading system in contact with the skin. On the other hand, the antenna for the exchange of information is impossible to implement today.
The frequencies used in wireless telephony transmissions have increased tenfold in twenty years. By extrapolating this law, it will therefore be necessary to wait sixty years for the frequency of wireless transmissions to allow the creation of antennas small enough to be able to inject a chip into a vaccine. By then, we will all have been vaccinated against Covid-19.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read theoriginal article.
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