The Mediterranean is a sea that is characterized by being a very unique and sensitive place. Although it only occupies 0.7% of the world’s ocean surface, it is considered a miniature ocean. However, it is one of the seas with the highest rates of pollution in the world. Despite the fact that there is a month left for this summer to end, the Mediterranean Sea has already reached unusual maximum temperatures due to the marine heat waves that have originated. As a consequence, the waters have exceeded 30 degrees Celsius in the Balearic Islands and the Cabo de Gata buoy, in Almería, has registered 27.9 degrees, being its record since 2001. Every year, the Center for Environmental Studies of the Mediterranean (CEAM ) carries out the Mediterranean Summer SST Report, in which it studies and updates the climatology and the trend of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Mediterranean basin as an indicator of climate change and to understand the possible future scenarios in the region. The Mediterranean area is a “climate change hot spot”, according to the CEAM. Therefore, their interactions with the atmosphere play a relevant role in their environmental conditions. In the last summer report, the data obtained reflected that, between 1982 and 2021, the average accumulated warming was 1.32˚C. Therefore, if the trend continues around the same values, in the next 50 years the warming average accumulated temperature could reach close to 3 degrees, with all the consequences that this entails in marine ecosystems and in the climate. The series of SST anomalies in the Mediterranean last summer showed a positive trend for the period 1982-2021, that is to say , that temperatures have been increasing in that period of time. These data already indicated that Mediterranean waters could suffer more and more from the effects of the climate crisis. In the absence of a report that summarizes the values for this summer, everything indicates that the SST will continue to increase over the decades. If so, this fact would generate various adverse effects, some of which have already begun to be observed and are irreversible. In this sense, at least 1,000 invasive species have appeared from other warmer parts, which has caused the displacement of organisms native species and the transformation of the seabed, according to the World Wide Fund for Nature. Specifically, there has been a reduction in the posidonia oceanica meadows, the populations of gorgonians (corals) and the nacras, among others, becoming totally extinct in some places.
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