An international team of researchers, with the participation of Spanish scientists, has completed the map of the genetic changes in chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), the most common in the Western world with an incidence of around 5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year.This tool will provide a better understanding of the disease and may lead to more accurate prognoses for patients, improved diagnoses and the development of new treatments. The study was published yesterday in the journal Nature Genetics and has analyzed the genome of more than 1,000 patients. It has been coordinated by researchers from the IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic, the University of Barcelona, the University of Oviedo, the Center for Biomedical Research in Red de Cancer (Ciberonc), the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University and the University of Ulm. This disease is characterized by an increase in B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, which can be detected early. accidental in a routine analysis. In some cases it can have a slow growth and a good prognosis, while in others it can be fast and aggressive. The knowledge of the molecular alterations that cause this very different evolution could allow knowing the prognosis in an early way. “The objective of this study has been to provide a practically complete catalog of all the genomic alterations that cause chronic lymphatic leukemia and its molecular subtypes. . It has been an immense effort by a large international team that has analyzed the genome of more than 1,000 patients using new bioinformatics tools for more than 4 years”, remarked the co-lead author of the study and head of the Molecular Pathology of Lymphoid Neoplasms group at IDIBAPS. , Elias Campo from Huesca. The study identified 202 genes (109 of which were new) that, when mutated, can lead to the onset and progression of the disease. The characterization of the subtypes of this leukemia, which differ in their genomic characteristics and their clinical evolution, has also been perfected. Integrating clinical results with such genomic characteristics can predict a patient’s likelihood of having very indolent disease for many years, experiencing remission after treatment, or the likelihood that their leukemia will be more aggressive and require new treatments. of this study may have an important impact on clinical practice, since “the new map will allow us to compare the genomic characteristics of the new patients with the data of patients with similar genetic profiles and to know what their evolution and response to treatment has been” , he concluded.
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