The Covid BA.5 variant, a sub-lineage of Omicron, is gradually replacing BA.2 in France and represents 24% of positive Covid tests. It is more transmissible and eludes the vaccine more. It could lead to loss of taste and smell. What do we know of him? What symptoms? What risks? Summary
[Mise à jour le 23 juin 2022 à 12h30] The initial virus of the Covid-19 disease, Sars-Cov-2, mutated several times until the Omicron variant which began to arrive at the end of 2021 in France. Now the majority, this variant has five sub-lineages, including BA.5, which spread in June in France and is gradually replacing BA.2, confirms Public Health France in its latest variant risk analysis. “The epidemic resumption is linked to the arrival of new variants of the Omicron family, which are called BA.4, BA.5 and which spread faster than the previous one, BA.2. We saw this BA.4 BA.5 arrive in South Africa, then in Portugal“explained infectious disease specialist Anne-Claude Crémieux on June 22 on Franceinfo. “If we compare BA.4, BA.5 against BA.2 which caused a wave in March, BA.2 was already different from the Omicron variant of December-January because it was more transmissible. But it doesn’t escape vaccine any more. Now we have BA.4, BA.5 which spread better than BA.2. This one, it escapes vaccine a little better. And that shows the capacity evolution of the virus which is able to escape vaccines, at the same time as increasing its transmission. But we also know that the symptoms are not more severe “added the infectiologist. Santé Publique France nevertheless stresses that “the probability of presenting anosmia [perte d’odorat] and ageusia [perte du goût]but also nausea, vomiting and diarrhea is higher for cases of BA.4/BA.5 compared to those of BA.1”. What are these new Covid variants? Do they cause different symptoms? France, dangers… The point. What is the BA.5 variant? BA.4 and BA.5 are sub-lines of the Omicron variant of Covid-19. The BA.4 and BA.5 sub-lines began to be identified in January and February 2022 in South Africa according to the ECDC and in early April according to Public Health France They spread to Portugal, leading to a new wave of Covid-19 in May, less serious than the previous ones. What are the symptoms of the BA.5 variant According to Santé Publique France, the most frequent clinical signs in the event of infection with the BA.4 and BA.5 variants are fatigue, cough, fever and headache. In addition, “the probability of presenting anosmia [perte d’odorat] and ageusia [perte du goût], but also nausea, vomiting and diarrhea is higher for the cases of BA.4/BA.5 compared to those of BA.1” indicates the health agency on June 15. The duration of the clinical signs is on average 7 days for BA.4 and BA.5 cases versus 4 days for other Omicron cases Age and symptoms of BA.4 and BA.5 cases compared to BA.1 cases as of June 15 © Santé Publique France Quel is the rate of BA.4 and BA.5 in France? “In France, we observe a gradual replacement of BA.2 by BA.5, which represented 24.2% of the interpretable sequences of Flash Week 22 (compared to 13.3 % for Flash Week 21). The detection of BA.4 is also increasing but at lower levels: 3.7% during Flash Week 22 vs 1.4% during Flash Week 21” indicates Public Health France on June 15. “More than 300 confirmed or possible cases of infection by BA.4 or BA.5 have been investigated by the regional cells” adds the Health organization. The BA.4 and BA.5 sub-lines of Omicron are the subject of enhanced surveillance by Public Health France. Presence of BA.4 and BA.5 cases depending on the country – May 16, 2022 © Public Health France What are the differences with the BA.2 variant? “If we compare BA.4, BA. 5 compared to BA.2 which caused a surge in March, BA.2 was already different from the December-January Omicron variant because it was more transmissible. But he is no longer immune to the vaccine. Now we have BA.4, BA.5 which spread better than BA.2. This one, he escapes the vaccine a little better. And it shows the evolutionary capacity of the virus which is able to evade vaccines, at the same time as increasing its transmission. But we also know that the symptoms are not more severe” indicated epidemiologist Anne-Claude Crémieux on June 22. “These two sub-lineages are quite similar to BA.2 but their Spike protein also has the L452R/ F486V and the R493Q reversion. BA.4 and BA.5 soon replaced BA.2 in South Africa. BA.4 and BA.5 present in this country a growth advantage of 8% and 12% per day compared to BA.2, respectively” reported Santé Publique France on May 18. The median age of the cases investigated in France is 47 years old, higher than that of BA.1 infection cases (35 years old). Are BA.4 and BA.5 more contagious? “BA5 is more contagious than BA2. Given the fact that it is more contagious, it escapes post-vaccination immunity a little better, so we will no doubt continue to see this upsurge in new cases in the coming weeks”, explained Yves Buisson, president of the Covid cell of the Academy of Medicine on Europe on June 7. Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 sublines replaced the BA.2 and caused a new epidemic wave in South Africa (5th wave) Same thing for BA.5 exclusively in Portugal (without major epidemiological impact at this stage) → In South Africa: the growth rate of BA.4 is +8% per day compared to BA2; +12% for the BA.5. → In Portugal: “In Portugal, BA.5 is now the majority, with 69% in week 21.. BA.5 has been associated with an epidemic recovery in the country, but the peak of this wave started at the end of April seems to have passed today. If this is confirmed, the amplitude of the wave will have been much less than the previous one” indicates Public Health France on June 15. Are BA.4 and BA.5 more dangerous? The data accumulated in several countries have not observed increase in severity associated with BA.4 and BA.5 According to the latest ECDC epidemiological report reported by Public Health France on June 15, “nothing currently indicates any change in severity for infected cases by BA.4 or BA.5 compared to other Omicron sub-lineages”. The rate
of hospitalization is not significantly higher for BA.4 and BA.5 compared to BA.1 and the majority of hospitalized cases present risk factors. “The median length of hospitalization (for BA4 or BA5 cases, editor’s note) is 5 days” adds the health organization. Sources: – Risk analysis on emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 carried out jointly by Public Health France and the CNR for respiratory infection viruses, June 15, 2022. – Epidemiological update: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lines BA.4 and BA.5, ECDC, 13 May 2022 – Epidemiological bulletin, Public Health France
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