Worst earthquakes recorded so far in Latin America 0:43 (CNN Spanish) — Earthquakes occur without warning, you cannot avoid them. So how can you act? For the authorities, the issue of survival lies in prevention, not only on the part of governments and state agencies, but also on the part of families. Entities such as the National Emergency Office of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security of Chile (Onemi), the National Civil Protection System of Mexico, the Red Cross and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) point out that it is key that people that live in risk areas live in houses designed responsibly and complying with anti-seismic standards, that residents know first-hand the contingency and evacuation plans and have a survival briefcase with documents, first aid kit, radio, flashlight on hand , food and a whistle, explains Onemi. What to do during an earthquake to ensure survival? This is a compilation of the main recommendations of these agencies AT HOME What to do: If you are inside a home, the USGS strongly recommends that you stay inside and position yourself under a table or in a hallway against an internal wall. The Onemi of Chile calls this type of site a Seismic Protection Place, that is, a place away from windows and objects that may fall on it. The recommendation is to protect yourself under or next to a firm element. In addition, as far as possible, the electricity must be cut off and the water and gas stopcocks must be closed. Use flashlights. Follow these recommendations in the event of an earthquake: pic.twitter.com/sEnM1OoFMT — onemichile (@onemichile) April 23, 2017 The Government of Mexico recommends “leaving serenely if the exit is not congested; otherwise, stay in your own seat, placing your arms above your head and lowering it to your knees. If you can, get under a chair or table.” Does the ‘triangle of life’ work? This method, created by Doug Copp, chief rescue officer and director of disaster management for American Rescue Team International (a private company not affiliated with the US government), says that during an earthquake “you have to lie down close to furniture and not get under them” because when “buildings fall, they generally crush furniture, but there is always a triangular void next to them that is not affected (space in which the person is lying down),” explains the Ministry of Colombian education. However, it is a concept that has been reassessed by experts because “it is not scientifically proven that furniture and structural elements resist enough to form the famous triangular void,” says the Colombian government. USGS indicates that this is a misconception and that based on observations of an earthquake in Turkey, that technique does not apply to buildings built in the United States, for example. The American Red Cross recommends drop, cover, and grab a sturdy table or desk. “Drop under a sturdy desk or table, hold on, and shield your eyes by pressing your face against your arm. If there’s no desk or table nearby, sit on the floor against an interior wall away from windows, bookshelves, or tall furniture that could fall on you.” What NOT to do Do not use elevators. Do not light with candles, matches or lighters. Do not yell, run, much less push other people, indicates the National Civil Protection System of Mexico, . Don’t run on stairs while the building is being moved or if there is a danger of falling debris, the USGS says. USGS suggests not staying in kitchens, dangerous places as there are more things that can fall on you. On the street or in open places Stay away from buildings, poles and power lines, recommends Onemi. Protect your head and neck with your arms. If you are driving a car, slow down and stop in a safe place. USGS recommends carefully moving the car away from traffic as much as possible. Avoid bridges and poles and stay inside the car until the earthquake stops. If you are in a mountainous area, USGS explains that you have to be aware of falling rocks, landslides and stay away from trees that may fall on you. How to communicate Send text messages and social networks only to communicate and be informed, following the recommendations of the authorities, says Onemi. USGS says the phone should not be used except for a fire or medical emergency, as it could congest lines needed for emergency response personnel. On the coast: what to do in case of a tsunami Move immediately to high places away from the coasts and beaches, indicate the Tsunami Warning Center of the United States National Weather Service (NOAA). Although not all earthquakes cause tsunamis, many do, and if an earthquake occurs near or in the ocean, the probability of a tsunami increases, so those who live in coastal regions must be prepared for an emergency. A tsunami is not a single large wave, but a series of waves, and the largest can reach the shore hours later, NOAA explains. If it is night, you have to be attentive to the sound of the sea. For those on a boat or ship, NOAA recommends moving the vessel farther out into the ocean as much as possible. What is the Richter scale? As Onemi explains, the Richter scale measures the energy released in terms of magnitude: at 0 and has no upper limit. It was invented in 1935 by Charles Richter and Beno Gutenberg of the California Institute of Technology. After a seismograph recorded the amplitude of the waves during an earthquake, Richter used a logarithm to determine the magnitude of the earthquake. Each whole number increase on the scale, say from 5.0 to 6.0, represents a tenfold increase in amplitude and releases 32 times more energy.
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