DR Congo: beating of artisanal miners, revealing tensions in mines

A video posted from July 21 on Facebook and Twitter, and which has been widely circulated on WhatsApp, shows soldiers whipping illegal diggers, on the orders of Chinese officials, in a mining concession of the Commus company near Kolwezi, in the southern DR Congo. If the scene was deeply shocking, the phenomenon is not new according to several NGOs, and highlights the stranglehold of foreign companies on mining sites to the detriment of local communities.

During the 30 seconds of the video, a soldier in fatigues, accompanied by one of his colleagues, whips with a rope two diggers lying on the ground. The soldier lingers on one of the diggers, whipping him repeatedly in front of three Chinese company officials, in overalls, who are watching the scene.

Due to the shocking nature of this video, we are only posting screenshots.

According to the online media Actualite.cd, the scene took place Tuesday, July 20 at the site of the Musunoi Mining Company (Commus), owned by Chinese interests, in Kolwezi, in the province of Lualaba. These two diggers had introduced themselves fraudulently in the quarry, looking for copper.

The video, which quickly went viral, drew indignant comments. Fifi Masuka Saini, interim governor of Lualaba province, denounced acts of torture. Justice immediately seized the case and condemned on July 23 the two soldiers, a chief warrant officer and a corporal, respectively to two years and eighteen months in prison for assault and battery according to Radio Okapi. The three Chinese officials were also arrested.

“Artisanal miners are regularly mistreated”

According to Papy Nsenga, president of a union of miners in Kolwezi, contacted by the editorial staff of France 24 Observers, this is not the first time that artisanal miners have been tortured on mining concessions.

What happened is a tragedy that unfortunately we experience every day. Artisanal miners are regularly mistreated by managers of mining companies when they are arrested. They are brutally beaten up by mine security officers.

It is true that we do not have the right to exploit mining concessions held by other companies. But we don’t have our own sites. We have long demanded artisanal mining areas, but no space has been granted to us, neither by the Congolese State, nor by the province.

All mining sites have been conceded to foreign mining companies. We have no choice but to invade these mining concessions in order to be able to live and feed our families.

“An intruder must be transferred to the police”

However, the soldiers do not have the right to “commit acts of violence on the diggers”, denounces Freddy Kasongo, secretary general of the Observatory of studies and support on social and environmental responsibility.

Normally, when an intruder is arrested on a mining concession, he must be subdued and then transferred by company security services to the police, after he has been heard on record.

Moreover, the mining law prohibits the presence of the military on mining sites. Mining companies must use private security guards to protect their concession. They can be supported by the mine police who are armed for the purpose of deterrence.

But in practice, officers of the Security Forces have created their own private security company and they are diverting some army and police personnel to do their business.

In a press release published on Monday July 26 and reported by Actualite.CD, the company Commus confirmed that the incident did take place on its mining concession, but indicates that “the soldiers concerned were in the concession for a special military mission which is quite legal around our concession and not ordered by the company”.

We were unable to reach the two diggers who were beaten up. Arthur Ilunga, the attorney general of the Lualaba Court of Appeal who handled the case, did not want to answer our questions.

Mining concessions ceded to industrialists to the detriment of artisanal mining

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is the largest African producer of copper and the world’s largest producer of cobalt with an annual production estimated at 90,000 tonnes. The main deposits of these two raw materials which, once associated with nickel, are used in the manufacture of automobile batteries, are concentrated in the provinces of Lualaba and Haut-Katanga.

There are several western mining giants like the Swiss Glencore or the Canadian Ivanhoe. But for several years, the market has been 80% dominated by China, notably with the presence of Tenke Fungurume Mining, which operates the country’s largest copper mine near Kolwezi.

Over time, these mining concessions were ceded by the Congolese state after the bankruptcy, in the 1990s, of Gécamines, the public company which enjoyed a monopoly. But the rulers did not take into account the artisanal miners who, for the most part, had been installed in these mines for several years.

Tensions between local communities and these mining companies have become recurrent, according to Richard Ilunga, executive director of African Resources Watch (Afrewatch), an NGO that campaigns for respect for human rights in the mining sector.

After the bankruptcy of Gécamines, some unexploited sites were stormed by populations seeking to work. The diggers have become very numerous over the years. And when the mining companies realized that the lands exploited by the populations had a high content of good quality ore, they obtained mining titles on the targeted areas. They then became the legal operators and the diggers had to give way. This creates tensions which can escalate.

On July 20, hundreds of diggers have thus risen in Kolwezi after being chased from a mining site owned by the Indian company Chemaf.

According to Amnesty International, 10,000 artisanal miners were evicted in June 2019 from tenke Fungurume Mining concessions.

35 cases of bodily harm

To ease and prevent tensions, the state is asking mining companies to let diggers mine small portions of their concessions. But that does not prevent cases of intrusion or theft of ore from unscrupulous diggers who, once arrested, risk torture by the security services.

Since 2018, Afrewatch has identified nearly 35 known cases of physical abuse or torture of artisanal miners who entered mining concessions illegally.

From now on, the miners’ unions are calling for sites which are entirely dedicated to them. Several sites have been identified by the provincial authorities but are not yet open for operation.

Contacted by the editorial staff of France 24 Observers, Jean-Marie Tshizainga, the provincial Minister of Mines, was not reachable at the time of publication of this article.

1 thought on “DR Congo: beating of artisanal miners, revealing tensions in mines”

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