According to the latest findings, the combination of vaccination and naturally acquired immunity after covid increases the production of maximally effective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus. This is stated in the results of research published in the journal mBio. This could also be the case for several virus variants, including delta and omicron.
Despite the fact that study was performed before the occurrence of these two variants, the results could potentially apply to them as well. “The main message of our research is that someone who has had COVID-19 and then been vaccinated will increase not only the amount of antibodies but also the quality of the antibodies. This in turn will increase the ability of the antibodies to act against the variants.” explained the study’s lead author Otto Yang, a professor of infectious disease medicine and microbiology, immunology, and molecular genetics at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California. This suggests that repeated exposure to the spike protein allows the immune system to continue to improve antibodies if someone has had COVID-19 and then been vaccinated. It is not yet known whether people who are re-vaccinated but have never surpassed COVID-19 would receive the same benefit.
The researchers compared the blood antibodies in 15 vaccinated people who had not been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 with the antibodies that caused the infection in the ten people who had recently survived the infection but had not been vaccinated. A few months later, ten participants were vaccinated and the researchers re-analyzed their antibodies. Most people in both groups received two-dose Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines. The researchers evaluated how the antibodies acted against a panel of spike proteins with various common mutations in the receptor binding domain, which is the target of antibodies that help neutralize the virus by blocking its binding to cells.
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They found mutations in the receptor binding domain reduced the effectiveness of the antibodies obtained either by natural infection or by vaccination, to approximately the same extent in both groups of people. When previously infected people were vaccinated about a year after overcoming the infection, the effectiveness of their antibodies was maximized to the point that they recognized all the COVID-19 variants that the researchers tested. Revaccination may have the ability to achieve the same effect as post-vaccination vaccination, although further research will be needed to verify this theory.
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