AFP, published on Sunday, October 31, 2021 at 5:21 p.m.
The G20 countries will not arrive empty-handed at the Glasgow climate conference, but the commitments they agreed on Sunday in Rome are leaving environmental organizations hungry.
A declaration that goes slightly beyond the Paris agreement on the objective of limiting global warming to + 1.5 ° C, with a commitment to no longer subsidize coal-fired power stations abroad. But no clear date for completely phasing out coal or fossil fuels, nor for achieving carbon neutrality.
“If the G20 was a dress rehearsal for COP26, then world leaders have missed their line,” said Jennifer Morgan, executive director of Greenpeace International. And to denounce a final G20 communiqué “weak, lacking in ambition and vision”.
“All we saw were half measures rather than concrete actions,” said Friederike Röder, vice president of Global Citizen.
“We are committed to keeping the 1.5 degree target within reach,” Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi said in a speech concluding the G20 summit, which his country chaired this year. “We are proud of these results, but we have to keep in mind that this is just the beginning.”
After their Roman summit, the G20 leaders will leave directly for Glasgow, where the UN climate conference opened on Sunday, a two-week meeting considered crucial for the future of humanity. And the signal that was going to send this group, which brings together the main developed economies (EU, United States) but also large emerging countries such as China, Russia, India or Brazil, was all the more expected as these countries account for 80% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
They can “make success or bury the hope of keeping the target of + 1.5 ° C within reach,” commented Alok Sharma, president of COP26, which will host more than 120 world leaders in Glasgow on Monday.
The final G20 communiqué, negotiated overnight from Saturday to Sunday, reaffirms the objective of the 2015 Paris agreement, namely “to keep the average increase in temperatures well below 2 ° C. and continue efforts to limit it to 1.5 ° C above pre-industrial levels “.
But he insisted, adding: “Keeping (the target of) 1.5 ° C within reach will require significant and effective actions and commitments from all countries.” Either a “stronger language” than in 2015, assured AFP two sources who participated in the negotiations.
– Carbon neutrality “in the middle of the century” –
The G20 countries have also agreed to end “the provision of international public funding for new coal-fired power plants by the end of 2021”. On the other hand, it does not give an objective for the abandonment of coal at the national level. Many countries, particularly emerging countries, remain very dependent on this source of energy for their electricity production, all the more so in the current context of the global energy crisis.
No precise date either to achieve carbon neutrality. The G20 only evokes the “mid-century”. A horizon less precise than the horizon of 2050 desired in particular by the Italian presidency of the G20, “but quite significant, considering the diversity of the countries participating in the G20”, according to the French presidency. China in particular has so far only committed for 2060.
The COP26 is “the last and the best hope” to succeed in limiting global warming to + 1.5 ° C, the most ambitious objective of the Paris agreement, declared Alok Sharma at the opening of this conference Sunday in Scotland. During the Covid-19 pandemic, “climate change did not take a vacation. All the lights are red on the climate dashboard,” he added.
The seven years from 2015 to 2021 will probably be the hottest on record, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) announced on Sunday, describing a global climate entering “uncharted territory”.
This annual report on the state of the climate “reveals that our planet is transforming before our eyes”, and the COP26 climate conference in Glasgow must “mark a decisive turning point for humanity as for the planet”, commented UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres in a statement.
The Pope, very aware of environmental issues, for his part invited Sunday to pray for the success of COP26, from his windows at the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. “Let us pray so that the cry of the earth and the cry of the poor are heard”, he declared after the prayer of the Angelus, and so that “this meeting can give effective answers”.
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