As the world prepares to face increasingly stringent limits for emissions, the battery industry needed for electrical devices is seeing an exponential increase in demand that raises fears of a crisis similar to that of semiconductors, which in recent months has blocked the automotive and is also impacting the electronic device market. Copper, cobalt, nickel and other rare materials, integral parts of batteries, are starting to run out. From November to July, the cost of lithium, a fundamental material for the latest generation batteries, doubled. Lithium batteries are not only fundamental components of electric cars and smartphones, but also the only way to accumulate the energy produced from renewable sources so that it can be used over time. The big knot of solar and wind power, in fact, is all here: they are linked energy sources and unpredictable natural phenomena, and it is complicated if not impossible to think of relying exclusively on them unless you have an efficient way, economical and not too bulky to conserve the energy produced and use it when needed.A classic photovoltaic system consists of solar panels connected to the electricity grid. If a surplus of energy is produced, it is fed into the grid (developing a credit towards the company that supplies electricity). On the contrary, if consumption is higher than production, it is drawn from the network. Or batteries can be integrated that accumulate excess energy, but current systems, based on lithium batteries, cannot guarantee full self-sufficiency from the electricity grid. An American tech firm, Form Energy Inc, has just announced a possible solution, with the launch of its first product on the market, and a $ 200 million round of funding headed by Arcelor Mittal’s innovation fund. Their new battery is based not on lithium but on iron, one of the safest, most widespread and cheapest minerals on earth, and should be able to provide power for 100 consecutive hours at one-tenth the cost of a lithium battery, ensuring a continuity hitherto unthinkable in an electricity grid powered exclusively by renewable sources. The new battery works with an oxygen exchange mechanism between iron cells, which rusts on contact with oxygen and when oxygen is removed it becomes iron again. It is by controlling this process that energy is conserved and released. “The storage technology developed by From Energy has the incredible potential to overcome the unsolved problem of intermittent supply of electricity from renewables,” explained Greg Ludkovsky, head of the Research & Development sector of Arcelor Mittal, which will also be a non-exclusive supplier of ferrous materials for the new batteries. Another company, Malta Inc, is working with an equally humble and widespread material, salt. The electricity arriving at the battery is converted into heat energy, creating a temperature difference. The heat is diverted to the liquefied salt, the cold to a liquid. When needed, a heat pump converts the temperature difference back into energy and feeds it back into the network. And also a British company, the AceOn of Sheffield, is preparing to launch sodium ion batteries for the first commercial applications in Sub-Saharan Africa, where mobile storage systems connected to photovoltaic panels could be the definitive solution to electrify cleanly. areas where the electricity grid has not yet arrived.
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